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1 Adler, Dankmar
(1844-1900) Адлер, ДанкмарАрхитектор и инженер. Вместе с Л. Салливаном [ Sullivan, Louis Henry] создатель ряда зданий в Чикаго и других городах: известного своей акустикой Центрального концертного зала [Central Music Hall], театра "Аудиториум" [Auditorium Theater], павильона транспорта [Transportation Building] на Всемирной Колумбовой выставке [ World's Columbian Exposition] 1893, здания Гейджа [Gage Building] в Чикаго; первого в мире небоскреба [ skyscraper] "Уэйнрайт билдинг" [Wainwright Building] в Сент-Луисе (1890) и других. Пионер применения стальных несущих конструкций высотного зданияEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Adler, Dankmar
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2 Sullivan, Louis Henry
(1856-1924) Салливан, Луис ГенриАрхитектор. В 1881 принял участие в создании театра "Аудиториум" [Auditorium Theater] в Чикаго. В этот период одним из его учеников был Фрэнк Л. Райт [ Wright, Frank Lloyd]. В 1890 создал здание Уэйнрайт-билдинг [Wainwright Building] в Сент-Луисе, фактически первый небоскреб [ skyscraper], и ряд других зданий. Основатель Чикагской школы в архитектуре, провозгласил принцип "форма вытекает из функции" [form follows function]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Sullivan, Louis Henry
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3 Sullivan, Louis Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 3 September 1856 Boston, Massachusetts, USAd. 14 April 1924 Chicago, Illinois, USA[br]American architect whose work came to be known as the "Chicago School of Architecture" and who created a new style of architecture suited specifically to steel-frame, high-rise structures.[br]Sullivan, a Bostonian, studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Soon he joined his parents, who had moved to Chicago, and worked for a while in the office of William Le Baron Jenney, the pioneer of steel-frame construction. After spending some time studying at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, in 1875 Sullivan returned to Chicago, where he later met and worked for the Danish architect Dankmar Adler, who was practising there. In 1881 the two architects became partners, and during the succeeding fifteen years they produced their finest work and the buildings for which Sullivan is especially known.During the early 1880s in Chicago, load-bearing, metal-framework structures that made lofty skyscrapers possible had been developed (see Jenney and Holabird). Louis H.Sullivan initiated building design to stress and complement the metal structure rather than hide it. Moving onwards from H.H.Richardson's treatment of his Marshall Field Wholesale Store in Chicago, Sullivan took the concept several stages further. His first outstanding work, built with Adler in 1886–9, was the Auditorium Building in Chicago. The exterior, in particular, was derived largely from Richardson's Field Store, and the building—now restored—is of bold but simple design, massively built in granite and stone, its form stressing the structure beneath. The architects' reputation was established with this building.The firm of Sullivan \& Adler established itself during the early 1890s, when they built their most famous skyscrapers. Adler was largely responsible for the structure, the acoustics and function, while Sullivan was responsible for the architectural design, concerning himself particularly with the limitation and careful handling of ornament. In 1892 he published his ideas in Ornament in Architecture, where he preached restraint in its quality and disposition. He established himself as a master of design in the building itself, producing a rhythmic simplicity of form, closely related to the structural shape beneath. The two great examples of this successful approach were the Wainwright Building in St Louis, Missouri (1890–1) and the Guaranty Building in Buffalo, New York (1894–5). The Wainwright Building was a ten-storeyed structure built in stone and brick and decorated with terracotta. The vertical line was stressed throughout but especially at the corners, where pilasters were wider. These rose unbroken to an Art Nouveau type of decorative frieze and a deeply projecting cornice above. The thirteen-storeyed Guaranty Building is Sullivan's masterpiece, a simple, bold, finely proportioned and essentially modern structure. The pilaster verticals are even more boldly stressed and decoration is at a minimum. In the twentieth century the almost free-standing supporting pillars on the ground floor have come to be called pilotis. As late as the 1920s, particularly in New York, the architectural style and decoration of skyscrapers remained traditionally eclectic, based chiefly upon Gothic or classical forms; in view of this, Sullivan's Guaranty Building was far ahead of its time.[br]BibliographyArticle by Louis H.Sullivan. Address delivered to architectural students June 1899, published in Canadian Architecture Vol. 18(7):52–3.Further ReadingHugh Morrison, 1962, Louis Sullivan: Prophet of Modern Architecture.Willard Connely, 1961, Louis Sullivan as He Lived, New York: Horizon Press.DY
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ADLER, DANKMAR — (1844–1900), U.S. architect and engineer. Adler was born in Stadtlengsfeld, Germany, the son of Rabbi Liebmann Adler (1812–1892). He was taken to the U.S. at an early age and was trained at American universities. During the Civil War he practiced … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Adler, Dankmar — ▪ American architect born July 3, 1844, Stadtlengsfeld, Prussia [Germany] died April 16, 1900, Chicago, Ill., U.S. architect and engineer whose partnership with Louis Sullivan (Sullivan, Louis) was perhaps the most famous and influential in… … Universalium
Adler, Dankmar — (1844 1900) US architect and engineer. Born in Stadtlengsfeld, Germany, he went with his family to the US at the age of 10. He lived in Detroit, and later in Chicago. Initially he worked as a draftsman; after the war he became an architect. He … Dictionary of Jewish Biography
Dankmar Adler — Temple Isaiah, Chicago, designed by Adler, circa 1910 Born July 3, 1844(1844 07 03) Germany Died April 16, 1900 … Wikipedia
Dankmar Adler — (3 juillet 1844 à Stadtlengsfeld, Allemagne – 16 avril 1900 à Chicago, États Unis) est un architecte américain d origine allemande. Il fut un pionnier, dans les … Wikipédia en Français
Dankmar Adler — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Dankmar Adler, (3 de julio de 1844 – 16 de abril de 1900) nació en Alemania y murió en Chicago, Illinois. Adler era un arquitecto judío y un ingeniero civil que, con su socio Louis Sullivan, diseñó muchos edificios… … Wikipedia Español
Dankmar Adler — Dankmar Adler, (3 de julio de 1844 16 de abril de 1900) nació en Alemania y murió en Chicago, Illinois. Adler era un arquitecto judío y un ingeniero civil que, con su socio Louis Sullivan, diseñó muchos edificios inclusive el Chicago Stock… … Enciclopedia Universal
Adler (Familienname) — Adler ist ein deutscher Familienname. Herkunft und Bedeutung Als Symbol des Evangelisten Johannes diente der Adler häufig als Hauszeichen. Daraus wurde die Bezeichnung für die Bewohner abgeleitet. Zudem entwickelte sich der Familienname als… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Adler — es un nombre alemán común; significa águila . El término Adler puede referirse a: ● Adler (automóvil), un automóvilo de principios del siglo XX ● Adler (supermercado), un supermercado en Polonia ● Adler Mannheim, un equipo de hockey alemán ●… … Enciclopedia Universal
Dankmar Adler — Auditorium Building in Chicago … Deutsch Wikipedia
Adler — Ad|ler [ a:dlɐ], der; s, : großer Greifvogel mit kräftigem Hakenschnabel und starken Krallen: Adler sind beliebte Wappentiere. Syn.: König der Lüfte (dichter.). * * * Ad|ler 〈m. 3〉 1. 〈Zool.〉 großer Raubvogel mit sehr kräftigem Schnabel: Aquila 2 … Universal-Lexikon
